7 Spotted, 13 Spotted

Pupating larva, I assume of the Seven-Spotted Lady Beetle (Coccinella septempunctata), adults of which who were all around Four Sparrow Marsh: A species introduced from Europe to eat aphids.

Another commercially available aphid eater is the Convergent Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens), which is exported out of California:Like the Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, this is also a variable looking species, but it usually has 13 spots and is not nearly as round as the MALB. Found this one on the sidewalk in the Gowanus. Commercially available lady bugs tend to fly out of your garden when released ’cause they ain’t working on Maggie’s farm no more….

Question Mark?

The question mark on a Question Mark butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis) looks a little more like a semi-colon. These and their cousins the Eastern Commas are also called Anglewings more generically because their wings don’t have the rounded shape of most of our butterflies. This one was slurping up Viburnum nectar in Brooklyn Bridge Park recently. Note the double-barreled length of the tongue:

Is this heaven?

Well, I can’t speak to that question, having no expertise in the matter, but I can tell you that this picture is in fact of a part of Brooklyn, New York, borough of 2.5 million-plus people. Welcome to Backyard and Beyond, where I explore the natural history of the urban frontier. I hope you like this blog enough to come back again. The archives, for instance, are bursting with material. In fact, I hope you’ll want to subscribe and get this delivered to your mailbox, by clicking on that button at the top right. And now, back to regularly scheduled programing…

Forecast: Cottonwood Flurries

Eastern Cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) pods are peeling back and letting rip, launching kerjillions of seeds on the wind.This is why they call them “cottonwood.”And piled up like snow. Photos above from Brooklyn Bridge Park. Photo below from Broad Channel:Stand down-wind of one.

The day in birds

My day in birds began just after 5 a.m. when I woke to the pre-dawn chorus of the local House Sparrows. Argh! I grumbled something and rolled over. Between rain clouds, I went out to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in the middle of the day. Some thirty-seven species of birds and three mosquito bites. Many Tree Swallows, above, who nest in the boxes set up for them there, including one set up underneath an Osprey nest. Saw one Barn Swallow among all these acrobatic swallow-fliers. I watched this juvenile Black-Crowned Night Heron groom from a blind for a while. Eventually, it broke off a stick and flew away with it. It was probably going to use it as a fishing lure. Yes, they do things like that.

I also saw a Peregrine cruise overhead as I was about to cross Court St. It landed on one of the arms of the cross atop SS Paul & Agnes, the highest thing south of Atlantic Avenue in my neighborhood. It’s a regular perch for raptors.

Premature Juneberries

Some of the local Amelanchier (a.k.a. Shadblow, Serviceberry, etc.) berries are purple-ripe. Others are coming along fast:Gowanus street top, Brooklyn Bridge Park bottom.

The winter beach, the small house

Two of my favorite things.

The blurb on Charlton Ogburn, Jr.’s The Winter Beach (1966) says it’s “timeless,” but no, it’s very much a piece of its era. Ogburn traveled down the east coast in the early 1960s and he was mostly bummed out at what he found of the post-war boom. The environmental movement, although there were clarions in the wilderness like Rachel Carson, whose Silent Spring was published in 1962, was only just beginning; the Cuyahoga River didn’t burn its way into the nation’s consciousness until 1969; most of the landmark clean air and water legislation wouldn’t come until the 1970s. Ogburn is marvelously descriptive about the natural world and philosophic about the human one – rightly wondering why the Middle Eastern monotheisms have such animas towards nature, this world as opposed to some wishful-thinking about another.

Recommended to me by a friend, I tracked the book down at Brooklyn Public because I am a great fan of the spare, elemental beaches of wintertime. I’ve done a lot of my winter beaching on Nantucket, and it turned out Ogburn went to the island on the old slow ferry from Woods Hole, probably not too long before I first went there as a toddler. This passage is worth quoting at length, particularly if like me you’ve seen the crazed growth what I call “SUV-houses” on the island: ridiculously over-scaled behemoths trouncing the island’s compact architectural heritage. (The average size of the American house has doubled since the 1950s, while the average family size has shrunk; while Nantucket, trophy-house location for our economic masters, has probably seen a quadrupling of the average house size – many of these monstrosities, known so quaintly as “compounds,” are empty most of the year.)

“It was the past that Nantucket preserved that was home – a past that was of human scale, for which, indeed, perhaps most of us are in one way or another homesick. The industrialists and big-time panderers to human weakness and greed – the advertisers, the entertainment-mongers, the commercial land-developers and their like – have not found Nantucket a fruitful field or have been restrained by law. Nantucket is of a time before we were dwarfed and denigrated by the hugeness of a machine-built civilization having for its standards the common denominators of a mass market. Its character is of the days when it was the natural world that was vast and overpowering, when the communities into which men and women drew together in their common interests, out of necessity, had, it is evident, some of the intimate quality of a gathering around a campfire. One need not be enamored of the past as such to feel the appeal of an order of things that was essentially human, to which a person’s relationships were primarily human, not institutionalized and mechanical, when even material objects, being the product of human hands, had a warmth and life.”

Nantucket still has some eight hundred homes built before the Civil War. This is one of the richest concentrations of such historic buildings in the country. One of my favorites is 23 Milk Street.The place was built in 1750 and just re-shingled this past winter. Family friend Kenneth Duprey lived here for many years, and the house is the star of his 1959 book Old Houses on Nantucket (it’s been reprinted several times). It is absolutely dominated by the massive chimney, a density of brick that makes a small house even smaller inside. According to a couple of real estate sites, it’s 1,566 square feet. The chimney is fed by five fireplaces, including the kitchen (I remember Ken’s cat in the bread oven nook of the kitchen fireplace.) The phrase that leaps to my mind about such 18th century places is that they are “ship shape,” built small both because of the lack of resources and a mentality of modesty.
*
Interesting life, Ogburn’s: a WWII vet, he wrote a memoir of the Burma Campaign, which was turned into a movie. He worked for the State Department and was an early critic of the Vietnam insanity. He was a big time “Oxfordian,” those damn fool fantasists who like to think no-account aristo Edward de Vere wrote Shakespeare.The “lights” over the door; perhaps my favorite of all architectural details.

Horseshoe Moon

Can you feel it? The Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) sure can. It’s spawning season. Here, looking like rocks, are some males awaiting females and clusters of males attached to, and surrounding, females.

Could it be their multiple optical systems, including compound eyes and UV sensors? Could it be their one hundred thousand cuticular receptors, allowing them to feel their way along? Or the chemosensory pores that connect their dendrites to the water? Whatever it is, they can smell the pheromones…A huddle of males around female mostly-buried in the sand under the clump of seaweed. Horseshoes started their evolutionary journey something like 450 million years ago. They predate the dinosaurs, and, needless to say, the species that chops them into bait, grinds them into fertilizer and chicken feed, and sucks their blood for human medicine. There are four species, three in the Indo-Pacific (where they are also eaten by H. sapiens), one in the Atlantic. Related to the trilobites and the arachnids, they are not crabs; they survived the Permian-Triassic Extinction that killed off nearly all other ocean life. It is fashionable to call them “living fossils,” but that suggests a simplicity that the reality belies. The full and new moons of May and June bring them in-shore to mate and lay their eggs in the sand at the high tide line up and down the east coast. NYC is no exception. Jamaica Bay has been prime nesting habitat since the retreat of the ice.
Not all of them return to the sea. There are more than a dozen dead in this photo. Legion are the hazards of being a Horseshoe crab.Between the devil (you will know him by his works) and the deep blue sea, there are a lot fewer Horseshoes than there used to be, a situation which has ramified throughout littoral habitats and their food chains. As a result, the animals are much studied, with censuses conducted up and down the coast this time of year. This tag, one of five we saw among the several hundred crabs about an hour before high tide, had only been attached two nights earlier by a team from NYC Audubon.
Pointing out some anatomy on the underside, where the appendages, including the chelicerae, and book gills make for a fascinating contrast to the helmet-like topside. Note blade of Spartina in hat band… but that’s a whole other story. Thanks to Traci for the photo.

C. serpentina

Over the weekend, I saw three big Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in Green-Wood Cemetery. This is the time of year they emerge from the murk of ponds and lakes to reproduce, the female often travelling long distances to find soft earth, dirt, or fine gravel in which to bury her clutch of eggs. Unlike in most turtle species, male Snappers are actually larger than the females.Growing to platter-sized, these animals can live nearly five decades in captivity, but the rigors of the wild reduce that to about 30 years. One problem is that the type of ground they dig their nests in is now often found on driveways and dirt roads, hazardous both because cars can crush the animals and destroy the nests through compaction. Also, they must cross paved roads to find these places. Here’s a video on how to help a Snapper cross the road (don’t pick it up by the tail). Snappers have spread into Europe through the pet trade. A 44-pounder was captured in a canal near Rome last year. As with the other turtles, mortality is very high; few of their young survive to adulthood, but some old vets live long and deep. Baby snappers, especially in their northern range, will hatch in September and October, but stay in the nest through the winter, only emerging the following spring, when they make their sometimes long, instinctive journey towards water. Other species follow the same strategy: remember the baby Painted Turtle I found one early spring on Nantucket?The Snapper’s common and species name serpentina both allude to their strong jaws and long necks. They have a surprisingly small plastron, or bottom shell, and can’t retreat into their shell like other turtle species, so their best defense is a strong offense. Their claws are also formidable, about an inch long in this case. They are turned up here because this animal has its feet pointing backwards. Snappers have a fearsome reputation, more hype than reality in my experience, but can be aggressive in response to interference. I mean, if you lose your finger because you poke one, don’t blame the turtle. So, as with all wild things, you shouldn’t approach too closely and you shouldn’t touch (unless you’re helping it off a road).The other two snappers, which looked just as big, were in the water. Note those little nostrils at the very tip of the face; they can stick just the tip of their snout above water to breath, and you probably wouldn’t notice them at all. The animals in the water seemed as curious about me as I was about them.

Turtles have been around for some 215 million years. They are older than their fellow reptiles the lizards, snakes, and crocodiles. A Snapper in particular, lifting its shell high, spiky tail dragging behind, has a dinosaurish look to it when it walks.

While wondering around the cemetery thinking about turtles, it dawned on me that the readiest source of earth there for a nest was a freshly dug grave.

Prospect Park has Snappers, too.

Salamanders in Da Bronx

As part of New York City Wildflower Week, I went up to Van Cortlandt Park in the nether reaches of the Bronx to join Ellen Pehek in turning over some old wood. Ellen is the NYC Parks & Rec Principal Research Ecologist and involved in a study monitoring Eastern Red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). How do they respond to stressed, invasive-filled woodlands, as compared to relatively healthy forests? Wooden boards, one on top of the other with a little spacer in-between (I called them wood sandwichs) have been set up. The boards are now quite hard to find with the understory layer thickly covering the forest floor (the study checks them in the fall, when it’s easier). So we also turned over some downed tree branches. Red-backed like these cool, damp places, in fact must have them, since they breath through their skin (having no lungs). Of course, the dark and dank also attracts other creatures. We found three individual salamanders: one little juvenile; one the so-called “leadback” type, the same species but without the reddish stripe; and one with the stripe, although this one was was more dull orangish than red.The leadbacks seem to predominate in hotter, dryer habitats.

NYC salamanders have also been the subject of another study that found urban woodland specimens tougher than their country cousins when it comes to battling a pathogenic fungus that’s taking a high toll of amphibians around the world.

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