Posts Tagged 'Jamaica Bay'

The day in birds

My day in birds began just after 5 a.m. when I woke to the pre-dawn chorus of the local House Sparrows. Argh! I grumbled something and rolled over. Between rain clouds, I went out to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in the middle of the day. Some thirty-seven species of birds and three mosquito bites. Many Tree Swallows, above, who nest in the boxes set up for them there, including one set up underneath an Osprey nest. Saw one Barn Swallow among all these acrobatic swallow-fliers. I watched this juvenile Black-Crowned Night Heron groom from a blind for a while. Eventually, it broke off a stick and flew away with it. It was probably going to use it as a fishing lure. Yes, they do things like that.

I also saw a Peregrine cruise overhead as I was about to cross Court St. It landed on one of the arms of the cross atop SS Paul & Agnes, the highest thing south of Atlantic Avenue in my neighborhood. It’s a regular perch for raptors.

Horseshoe Moon

Can you feel it? The Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) sure can. It’s spawning season. Here, looking like rocks, are some males awaiting females and clusters of males attached to, and surrounding, females.

Could it be their multiple optical systems, including compound eyes and UV sensors? Could it be their one hundred thousand cuticular receptors, allowing them to feel their way along? Or the chemosensory pores that connect their dendrites to the water? Whatever it is, they can smell the pheromones…A huddle of males around female mostly-buried in the sand under the clump of seaweed. Horseshoes started their evolutionary journey something like 450 million years ago. They predate the dinosaurs, and, needless to say, the species that chops them into bait, grinds them into fertilizer and chicken feed, and sucks their blood for human medicine. There are four species, three in the Indo-Pacific (where they are also eaten by H. sapiens), one in the Atlantic. Related to the trilobites and the arachnids, they are not crabs; they survived the Permian-Triassic Extinction that killed off nearly all other ocean life. It is fashionable to call them “living fossils,” but that suggests a simplicity that the reality belies. The full and new moons of May and June bring them in-shore to mate and lay their eggs in the sand at the high tide line up and down the east coast. NYC is no exception. Jamaica Bay has been prime nesting habitat since the retreat of the ice.
Not all of them return to the sea. There are more than a dozen dead in this photo. Legion are the hazards of being a Horseshoe crab.Between the devil (you will know him by his works) and the deep blue sea, there are a lot fewer Horseshoes than there used to be, a situation which has ramified throughout littoral habitats and their food chains. As a result, the animals are much studied, with censuses conducted up and down the coast this time of year. This tag, one of five we saw among the several hundred crabs about an hour before high tide, had only been attached two nights earlier by a team from NYC Audubon.
Pointing out some anatomy on the underside, where the appendages, including the chelicerae, and book gills make for a fascinating contrast to the helmet-like topside. Note blade of Spartina in hat band… but that’s a whole other story. Thanks to Traci for the photo.

Devil’s Walkingstick

What a great name, and perfectly understandable when you get a look at the young shoots and stems. Aralia spinosa is a native understory shrub, sometimes a small tree, of the East Coast, particularly the South. You can find it in all the boroughs; this patch was along the north end of the loop around Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. And it is a patch; the plant will grow by clonal offshoot and makes an awesome natural border. It’s also known as Hercules Club and Prickly Ash, but this is where common names get confusing since those names are also used for the unreleated Southern Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis).

UPDATE: Or maybe it’s Aralia elata, the Japanese Angelica tree that is very similar, and in the same genus, and invasive. Reader Jessica (see comments) suggests further study is needed.
A large photograph for a large leaf (click to open a larger version). It is in fact the largest leaf in our woods, reaching up to 5 feet long. That’s because these leaves are bipinnately compound, that is, made up of leaflets divided into subleaflets (as distinct from a simple leaf). Picture a maple leaf: the slightly swollen end of it’s leafstalk or petiole, where it attaches to the stem, makes that a simple leaf. The leafstalk of these big bipinnately compound leaves also ends in a swollen joint, which are correspondingly quite large for these large leaves, but the leaflets do not: You can also see (smaller) bipinnately compound leaves on Honeylocust, Golden Rain-tree, and Kentucky Coffee-tree, all found on Brooklyn’s streets.

Boldness

Or you could make your nest right out in the open, just a few feet from the path around the West Pond at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. This Canada Goose’s partner sits on the path hissing up a storm at anybody with the temerity to walk by. Branta canadensis goslings are precocial like ducklings; exposed nests like these are becoming more common as the Canadas become quasi-domesticated, or at least far too habituated to humans. Note that it’s lined with goosedown. Here’s another, further from the path and with a modicum of grasses around for cover:This is a two-fer, since that’s an occupied nest box. Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) have arrived; you can barely see one sticking out of the hole in the box. The metal structure around the box’s support is to keep out warm-blooded, night-raiding, egg-loving predators like rats, raccoons, etc.

Butterflies, Butterfly-Shaped

American Lady (Vanessa virginiensis). Very similar to the Painted Lady (V. cardui), which, like the Monarch (Danaus plexippus), is migratory. Saw my first Monarch as well (last year I noted my first at the end of June); the milkweeds, which Monarchs are so associated with, were only three-four inches out of the ground. I’m using the Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America to differentiate my Ladies and Polygonia. Red Maple (Acer rubrum) keys.

A Very Strange Crab Indeed

A piece of barnacle conglomeration I found at Dead Horse Bay recently. Most species of barnacles need a surface to attach to, and sometimes that surface is other barnacles. These are a type of acorn barnacle, one of the two main groups. I understand differentiating the local species is difficult for the lay person. Give a shout if you know them on sight. Commonly seen species in the region are the Ivory barnacle, Balanus eburneus, which prefers less saline water (like Jamaica Bay, so this may be that) and the Northern rock barnacle, B. balanoides, which likes it saltier. A barnacle, as Cirripedia-mad Charles Darwin discovered, is actually a crustacean, akin to crabs and lobsters. A free-swimming animal in its youth, it has two distinctive larval stages, wonderfully called nauplius and cyprid. Then after swimming through several instars, most barnacle species settle down, literally, gluing themselves head/forehead first to a rock, pier, ship’s hull, or some such surface, and enveloping themselves within a carapace-like shell made up of (usually) six plates for an immobile maturity. The references to ship’s hull is a matter of some economic seriousness; humans have been scraping barnacles off boats since we took to the sea. The beak-like barn doors that protect the soft animal within its calcium fortress are visible in the above image; when feeding, these open to allow feathery modified legs that pull in plankton from the water. Barnacles at the mercy of the tide hunker down during the hours of low tide.There are many species of barnacles; I came across numbers ranging from 900-1100+. Pictured above are the ruins of Ribbed barnacles, Tetraclita stalactifera, which I found amid the rocks of Klein Bay, St John, USVI in January.

DHB, FBF

Yesterday, we took a walk along Dead Horse Bay and the North 40 Trail at nearby Floyd Bennett Field. Before we knew it, we’d been outside for more than six glorious hours.This is a transitional time, with both winter and spring bird species finding themselves rubbing shoulders, so to speak. The large raft of Greater Scaup that winters here is still around, although they will be heading north to breeding grounds soon. The raft wasn’t so big when we first arrived in the mid-morning, but as we stood there wave after wave of birds flew in, their massed wingbeats making a most extraordinary liquid sound.Dead Horse Bay, the site of an old landfill, is a wonderfully bizarre place of glass bottles and rusting metal and shoe soles and marbles and bricks and pretty much everything else from the garbage pile of the 20th century. It used to be that very few people ever went there, but now it’s quite popular for beach-combers, collectors, artists, etc. Indeed, two pre-teen girls were having the time of their lives, although I’m afraid I had to narc on them to their mother, further along the beach, since they were barefoot, which is practically suicidal with all the sharp glass and metal to be found there. We saw our first American Oystercatchers, a species that breed in our region (and yet another reason to make sure your dogs are leashed on the beach), of the year, as well as a single Ruddy Turnstone, still in its non-breeding plummage. The old pier here supports plenty of blue mussels and other goodies.The very low tide may have caught these two.The rock-like black objects blurred by sand in both the above images are actually mud snails, Ilyanassa obsolete, which will eat these fish corpses if something else doesn’t.
This is a Lady Crab, Ovalipes ocellatus; you usually only find their beautifully patterned carapaces on the beach, not the whole animal. The more usual crab whose remains are found is the Spider Crab, Libinia emarginata, evidently tasty eating for gulls.We went to Return-a-Gift Pond at Floyd Bennett Field to listen for frogs. This is one of the few fresh water ponds in Brooklyn where you can hear peepers. As it was only the middle of the afternoon and only just spring breaking, there were only a few sporadic amphibian calls, but the pond, seen here through one of the two bird blinds, had several Painted turtles, Green-winged Teal, Hooded Mergansers, Mallards, and a Northern Shoveler on it. On the North 40 trail, we saw our first butterfly of the year, a Cabbage White, and our first Eastern Phoebe, that early arriving harbinger of spring migration.

Floyd Bennett Under Threat Again

Staten Island’s reactionary GOP (I know, that’s redundant) Representative Michael Grimm has introduced a bill in Congress to authorize the Interior Department to, according to the Jamaica Bay Research & Management Information Network:

“(1) issue permits to allow the planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of natural gas pipeline facilities in the Gateway National Recreation Area (New Jersey-New York); and (2) enter into a lease agreement to allow the occupancy and use of an aircraft hanger building on Floyd Bennett Field (Brooklyn, New York) to house facilities associated with the operation of natural gas pipeline facilities.”

Another bag man for the carbon industry, the aptly-named Grimm also “represents” a section of SW Brooklyn, but they don’t much vote for him there. (Cultist Ron Paul, meanwhile, makes no smoke and mirrors about selling off all public lands.)

Contact your Congressperson to kill this effort to pollute, plunder, and privatize Gateway.

I recently wrote about Floyd Bennett Field’s fragile grasslands.

Ever green at JBWR

Transitioning away from my posts on the trip to St. John, what could more appropriate than Yucca, Yucca filamentosa, or Adam’s Needle? It looks like it belongs down there in the tropics. In fact, it grows up here at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. Baring a patch or two of grass and some pines, this plant is one of the few green things out there now, even during this ridiculously mild winter (as opposed to the veritable riot of early February springiness in Prospect Park).

Strange as it may seem, this yucca is actually native to the East Coast, at least from Virginia south. Up here, it appears to be an escapee from cultivation (some grows in a yard down the block), luxuriating in sandy fields and dunelands. It produces a rather amazing four-to-six-foot high stalked cluster of bell-shaped flowers that bloom at night and attract a small pollinating moth.

Brooklyn’s Grasslands

You can’t see them in this picture, but there are thirty-five or so Horned Lark on the ground here at the northwestern corner of Floyd Bennett Field. One of the few open ground bird species on the East Coast, Eremophilia alpestris breeds at the tundra top of North America. The Lower 48 are their wintering ground. Grassland species like this are becoming rarer because grasslands are becoming rarer. This is actually a cricket field. While a forest is obviously a forest and a swamp clearly a swamp, a grassland to the short-sighted is often no more than an empty space, a waste land, ripe for something else.

Landing in Albuquerque, NM, some months ago, I saw a prairie dog from the window of the plane as it taxied. Airports preserve grasslands by default. Floyd Bennett Field, built atop the waste reclamation factories of Barren Island, was NYC’s first airport. After decades in military service, Floyd Bennett became part of Gateway National Recreation Area. Some of its grasslands are being restored and maintained, but threats of development (casino! NASCAR! fairgrounds! etc.) ever abound.

After all, to a lot of people, it looks like nothing is going on in this field…

And in winter things do look still. But yesterday, I watched a female American Kestrel hunting here. She was hovering, facing the wind with her tail fanned out, her wings beating. She can stay relatively motionless like this in the air as she scans the ground for food. Pickings are slim this time of year, of course, but these raptors can go several days without eating. She made several drops to the ground. Back in the air at one point, it looked like she transfered something from talon to beak. I wonder what it was? Kestrels are our smallest falcons; in summer, they eat insects (grasshoppers, dragonflies, moths etc.), generally plentiful in grasslands, as well as amphibians and reptiles, small mammals, and small birds. In winter, prey choices are reduced to small mammals and birds.

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